Houghton Mifflin Publishing Company. Orgyia detrita has two common color forms in Florida, a dark form and a light form. Giant Silkworm Moth Caterpillar (Lonomia obliqua) Found in southern Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Argentina, the giant silkworm moth caterpillar is one of the top poisonous species of caterpillar. Poisonous spider bites can cause major illness or even death. Spiny oak caterpillars are 0.8 (2 cm) long. After hatching, the young larvae feed on the remaining egg mass and then spin a silk thread that they use to balloon for dispersal (Thurston 2002). Contact with the cocoons produces the same symptoms. Borror DJ. Youll notice that the stripy caterpillar has six large fleshy tentaclestwo pairs near its head and two shorter horns at its tail end. Its bright green and yellow colors and black stripes act to ward off predators. A Richmond, Virginia, resident described. It has numerous common names, including southern flannel moth for its adult form, and puss caterpillar, asp, Italian asp, Fire caterpillar, woolly slug, opossum bug, [3] puss moth, tree asp, or asp caterpillar . has been confirmed as a host in Florida, but other host plants are also likely (Heppner 2003). The white-marked tussock caterpillar is one of the most unusually hairy caterpillars youll find in Florida. Cloudless Sulphur caterpillar (Phoebis sennae). Their fluffy "fur" actually hides small, sharp, spines that stick in your skin. Queen Butterfly Caterpillar (Danaus gilippus). Intense throbbing pain develops within five minutes of contact with pain extending up the affected arm. Figure 31. Two long black tufts of pencil-like hairs protrude from the front. Look for them in groups near the base of plants. The evolving global epidemiology, syndromic classification, management, and prevention of caterpillar envenoming. The forester moth caterpillar is a bright yellow or yellowish-green caterpillar with two rows of black dots on its back. Further Reading: Moth Life Cycle. OHara JE, Wood DM. On top of their irritating hairs, many stinging caterpillars also release a toxin on contact with the spines, which can add to the pain and may even be a health concern for some people. Poisonous glands attached to stinging spines can cause skin irritation if you handle this fuzzy caterpillar. This appears when the caterpillar is threatened, and it looks like a forked snakes tongue. The green and black stripes and orange markings make the voracious larvae easy to spot on azaleas, rhododendrons, and apple trees. The identifiable traits of the polyphemus moth caterpillar are a bright green, almost translucent body and rows of bright red or silver spiny dots around its segments. Predators: Tussock moth larvae have various natural enemies. Recently molted male fir tussock moth (Orgyia detrita) pupa (lateral view), Orgyia detrita. Urticating hairs are barbed hairs that easily break off the caterpillars body when the caterpillar is brushed against and can embed in a person or animals skin. Hairy forest tent caterpillars mature at 2.5 (6.5 cm) long. pupa with spatulate setae. As the imperial moth caterpillar goes through its instars, it gradually becomes darker and hairier. Figure 23. Figure 17. Symptoms can last anywhere from a day to over a week. Also, caterpillars in Florida can be green, yellow, black, or multi-colored. According to National Geographic, its venom is 15 times more potent than that of a rattlesnakethough, contrary to common myths, few people ever perish at the hands of the small spider. cocoons among foliage of ballmoss (Tillandsia recurvata). The tomato hornworm is a bright green caterpillar with V-shaped markings and a row of eye-like markings along its sides. Stinging rose larvae measure about 1 (2.5 cm) long. Fir tussock moth caterpillar (Orgyia detrita) exhibiting pose typical of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Baculovirus) infection. Also, large numbers of larvae blown onto small landscape trees may result in severe defoliation. For example, the long, plump caterpillar is light green when feeding on green foliage. Journal of the Lepidopterists Society 65(4): 270-272. The larval stage of the buck moth is covered in branched spines that deliver a powerful sting upon contact with a perceived enemy. The caterpillar of the Douglas-Fir Tussock Moth (Orgyia pseudotsugata) feeds on firs, spruce, Douglas-firs, and other evergreens of the western United States and are a major cause of their defoliation. Body main color | Body main pattern | Distinct features | Hair density: Check boxes for all that apply. The luna moth caterpillar grows to 3.5 (9 cm) in length. Spines are hollow with a toxin gland at the base. Identify the long-tailed skipper caterpillar by its black ball-like head, yellow markings on its body in the form of lines and dots, and orange prolegs. Fully grown caterpillars are about 2 cm long. Grant GG, Slessor KN, Wei L, Abou-zaid MM. Palo Alto, California. Mature female fir tussock moth (Orgyia detrita) pupa. While most butterflies and moths are likely non-toxic to hungry humans, a few species -- like the familiar monarch butterfly (Family Nymphalidae) -- feed on poisonous or unpalatable plants as larvae. According to the University of Florida, the four major stinging caterpillars found in Florida are the puss caterpillar, saddleback caterpillar, Io moth caterpillar and hag caterpillar.. The stinging rose moth caterpillar is a colorful venomous caterpillar found along the east coast from New York to Florida. Figure 21. If you're unfortunate enough to have a run in with a puss caterpillar, Florida Poison Information Center recommends putting Scotch tape over the affected area and "striping it off repeatedly to remove spines." There is little doubt that Orgyia detrita and Orgyia definita also have many parasitoids. There are many kinds of poisonous caterpillars; several caterpillars develop chemical warfare - they become poisonous. Photograph by Donald W. Hall, University of Florida. Adults: Adults are dimorphic. Figure 11. The genus name Orgyia (Greek for the length of the outstretched arms [Borror 1960]), is based on this pose. The four major stinging caterpillars occurring in Florida are the Puss Caterpillar, Saddleback Caterpillar, IO Moth Caterpillar and Hag Caterpillar. Caterpillars and Moths. These Florida caterpillars, at the last stages of growth, have a slug-like tiny body covered with many orange or bright yellow . It is also named puss moth caterpillar. From its back this caterpillar has a tail that extends beyond its body. Finally, when its ready to pupate, the larvae can either be dark brown or dark green. Gilmer PM. (Inset: photomicrograph of antrose [distally projecting] barbs on urticating setae of the tussocks). Much of the older literature places the tussock moths in the family Liparidae and more recently in the Lymantriidae. EPI-NOTES Disease Surveillance Newsletter. Fully grown, swallowtail caterpillars measure 2.1 (5.5 cm) long. White-Marked Tussock Caterpillar (Orgyia leucostigma). These projections have poisonous spines and the sting is a defensive mechanism to prevent predators from eating them. Tiger Swallowtail Caterpillar (Papilio glaucus). In addition, the ovoid-shaped caterpillar has venomous spiny poison-filled tubercles that can sting. Another feature of the tobacco hornworm caterpillar is its rear horn, which is brown, green, or orange. + Figures. 410 pp. Castor beans, rosary beans and rosary peas all cause similar symptoms, according to the Florida Poison Control Center. It's always a good idea to take a physical sample or photos of the plant to . American dagger Moth Caterpillar (Acronicta americana). These caterpillars do not possess stingers, but have spines (nettling hairs) that are connected to poison glands. The moth is covered in lengthy fuzznot venomous spineswith colors ranging from a dull orange to a bright, lemon yellow, but its fuzzy feet are always black. The Zebra Longwing ( Heliconius charithonia) butterfly is easy to recognize by the zebra-like pattern on its wings. Photograph by Donald W. Hall, University of Florida. It is found in great abundance particularly in Florida, United States where it thrives in tropical habitats. They are a common sight in backyards all over Florida, and can even provide benefits to your garden. The caterpillars feed on poisonous plants, such as milkweed, and those poisons survive the caterpillar's pupation. The recognizable feature of an azalea caterpillar is its round orange head and tail section. Preliminary studies of the nuclear-polyhedrosis viruses infecting the white-marked tussock moth, Tussock moth caterpillars in north central Florida, Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico, A classification of the Lepidoptera based on characters of the pupae, Update of Tachinid Names in Arnaud (1978), entry at North American Moth Photographers Group. Foltz (personal communication) counted egg masses on cocoons and found that there were far less than the 50 percent that would be expected based on a 50:50 ratio of females to males obtained by laboratory rearings. Stings from this caterpillar are milder than the stings of other stinging caterpillars. However, there can be color variations, with some buck moth caterpillars appearing mostly white or brown. The eight-spotted forester larva is an orange caterpillar with bands of white and black stripes around its body. Io moth caterpillars grow up to 2.3 (6 cm) in length. Red admiral caterpillars grow 1 (2.5 cm) long. According to a report from the Entomology and Nematology Department at the University of Florida, the puss caterpillar and southern flannel moth is found from New Jersey to Florida and west to Arkansas and Texas. The giant horned caterpillar has a bluish-green body, curved spiny red horns with black tips, orangey-red head, and black spines on its body. *This species is not currently recorded from N.A. Figure 8. Io moth caterpillars feed on a variety of host plants including hibiscus, elms, maples, wisteria, roses, azaleas, and willows. A pipevine swallowtail caterpillar larva is easy to identify due to its black appearance, brightly-colored orange dots, and fleshy tentacle-like horns. A characteristic feature of the cloudless sulphur caterpillar is that its color changes depending on its food. Mature puss caterpillars begin to spin their cocoons by making a thin framework of silk using their hair covering as support. ORLANDO, Fla. - The venomous puss caterpillars are popping up around Central Florida - and you'll want to keep your distance! Most calls to poison centers about insect and spider bites do not need emergency medical treatment and can be safely managed at home; exceptions include cases . Fabric with image of Orgyia detrita male. These caterpillars feed on a large variety of plants but are most commonly found on citrus, oaks, and elms. Fir tussock moth (Orgyia detrita) cocoon with egg mass covered with setae from females abdomen. Buck moths are members of the family Saturniidae, which includes other dangerous insects like the lonomia obliqua. The flightless females remain on their cocoons and release a sex pheromone to attract males. 2003, Gries et al. The following wasp parasitoids of Orgyia definita and Orgyia leucostigma are recorded by Krombein et al. A bizarre little insect that looks like a walking toupe and squirts venomous pus from knifelike spines is terrorizing Virginia this year, according to the state's Department of Forestry (VDoF).. There is a white or yellow line on each side of the dark mid-dorsal line of leucostigma (Ferguson 1978, Godfrey 1987). 17 Poisonous Caterpillars to Watch Out For. Figure 3. This butterfly is mainly found in Central and South America. Unfortunately, because of their green coloring, tomato hornworms can be difficult to spot under tomato leaves. (There are two other species of Orgyia moths in Florida, which look similar to O. leucostigma with the marshmallow looking tufts along the dorsal side.) Part II. Figure 27. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Figure 30. These caterpillars are covered in soft hairs that seem like fun to touch but fight the urge! Four poisonous species of caterpillars have been found in South Florida: the saddleback, puss, io and the hag. Lepidoptera of Florida. Welts resulting from contact with Orgyia hairs usually appear within minutes and subside by the next day, but itching and erythema commonly continue for another day or two. The cloudless sulphur caterpillar is a light green caterpillar with black raised dots producing small spines. There are butterflies who also take nectar or, in rare cases, pollen from poisonous plants. This is a defensive characteristic of some caterpillars to scare off predators. Gries R, Khaskin G, Khaskin E, Foltz JL, Schaefer PW, Gries G. 2003. Cocoons & Pupae: Cocoons are constructed of silk and setae from the caterpillars. The stinging spiny oak slug caterpillar has two orange bands along its back and circular green and white patterns. To identify poisonous Florida caterpillars, look for a fuzzy body with stinging spines. In Florida, you can see these striped caterpillars on fruit trees, cottonwood, walnut, and willow trees. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 34(1): 67-79. Compared to other caterpillars, white admiral larvae have thick, spiny horns at their head. They grow around an inch long and can be found throughout Florida. Fascicle 22.2 Noctuoidea: Lymantriidae. Additionally, they have metallic brown wings. A banded woolly bear caterpillar is easy to identify due to the two black bands at its head and tail ends and a brown band around its middle. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 12(1): 140. With younger black-wave flannel moth caterpillars, the long wispy hairs hide the venomous short, sharp spines. This caterpillar has a characteristic trait of rolling up to defend itself. He has suggested that levels of parasitism of pupae often approach 50 per cent (Foltz 2004, 2006). In addition, this small furry caterpillar has orangey spiny tufts on its back, tan-colored tufts along its sides, and a hairy brown body. At present, females can be identified to species only by association with their respective larvae (or in the case of Florida Orgyia detrita by association with their egg masses). Its easy to identify a hickory horned devil caterpillar due to its characteristic arched red and black horns, black spiny spikes, and bluish-green appearance. These large caterpillars can reach 6.5 cm. Florida (101) Missouri (101) North Carolina (101) Maryland (99) Michigan (99) Mississippi (99) Nebraska (98) New Hampshire (98) . Dermatologic manifestations of encounters with Lepidoptera. There is conflicting information on whether this caterpillar stings. The caterpillar has a flattened hairy body with nine pairs of strange-looking projections from its sides. Because they will eat almost anything, including herbs, tree leaves, and grasses, they can be found pretty much anywhere plants are growing. Figure 2. 632-633) listed the following tachinid parasitoids of Orgyia leucostigma: Bessa selecta (Meigen), Carcelia amplexa (Coquillet), Carcelia perplexa Sellers, Carcelia yalensis Sellers, Compsilura concinnata (Meigen), Drino inconspicua (Meigen)*, Euphorocera claripennis (Macquart), Euphorocera edwardsii (Williston), Exorista lobelia Coquillet (currently Nilea lobelia [Coquillet]), Exorista mella Walker, Leshenaultia spp., Lespesia aletiae (Riley), Lespesia frenchii (Williston), Patella leucaniae (Coquillet), Phorocera spp., Sisyropa spp., Winthemia datanae (Townsend), and Winthemia quadripustulata (Fabricius). Detrita also lacks the whitish tornal spot of leucostigma and definita (Ferguson 1978). For a detailed taxonomic history and synonyms, see Ferguson (1978). Castellanos I, Barbosa P, Caldas A. Tobacco hornworm caterpillars grow 2.7 (7 cm) long. The large buck moth caterpillar is among the largest stinging caterpillars in Florida. Gainesville, Florida. Here are 15 species of poisonous caterpillars from around the world. 2005. Most bugs and spiders native to Florida are not dangerous to people. Photograph by Donald W. Hall, University of Florida. American dagger moth caterpillars grow up to 2 (5 cm) long. Megalopyge opercularis is a moth of the family Megalopygidae. Heppner (2003) listed plants belonging to 116 genera that have been reported as hosts. Orgyia detrita is univoltine (one generation per year) while the other two species are bivoltine in Florida (Foltz 2006). Catalogue of the Tachinidae (Diptera) of North America north of Mexico. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 72(3): 347-357. They are usually found in protected places - in furrows in bark, undersides of limbs, in tree cavities, under loose bark, and often under the soffits of buildings. Although its hairy body looks soft, poisonous spines lurk underneath and can break off in your skin, causing severe pain. Cruse K, Atrubin D, Loyless T. 2007. 2009. Imperial Moth Caterpillar (Eacles imperialis). Allergic reactions may occur and symptoms should be closely monitored. Recently molted male fir tussock moth (Orgyia detrita) pupa (ventral view). north of Mexico (OHara 2012). They are now classified in the subfamily Lymantriinae in the family Erebidae (Beadle & Leckie 2012). They are characterized by hair pencils of black setae that extend forward from the prespiracular verrucae of the prothorax, a dorsal hair pencil of black setae on the eighth abdominal segment, dorsal tussocks on the first four abdominal segments, and mid-dorsal glandular structures on abdominal segments six and seven. In addition, several varieties of stinging caterpillars in the Sunshine State can give you a nasty sting if you handle them. At the Florida Poison Information Center Miami, where every kind of chemical, insect and reptile assault on human flesh has been encountered, 227 caterpillar calls were logged from South. The luna moth caterpillar is a light green crawling insect with a plump body, red dots, and tufts of small spines. Pruritic (itching) dermatitis due to tussock moth caterpillars has been reported to be a problem at child day-care centers and elementary schools in Florida (Atrubin et al. Home owners develop dermatitis from contact with the cocoons while removing them from the soffits of houses. Despite its ugly appearance, the brown and white caterpillar turns into a spectacular butterfly with iridescent blue and orange colors. Male fir tussock moth (Orgyia detrita). Fir tussock moth (Orgyia detrita) caterpillar (light form). In addition, look for the four horns at the head and a tail at its rear. Photograph by Donald W. Hall, University of Florida. The polyphemus moth caterpillar grows 3 to 4 (7.6 10 cm) long. 1. The banded woolly bear caterpillar is a black and brown hairy caterpillar that is common in Florida. 1968. An Io moth caterpillar has an identifiable green body, tufts of urticating spines, and a colorful red and white stripe running the length of its body just above its legs. One of the most venomous caterpillars in the U.S., the puss. They're normally about an inch long and are often found near oak and . Therefore, its always best never to handle a buck moth caterpillar to avoid its painful sting. Adults emerge from mid-April to early May. You will also notice two characteristic black long horns at the head end and two shorter horn-like tails. Atrubin D, Granger K. April 28, 2006. The caterpillar grows 0.5 (1.2 cm) long. Parasitoids: Larvae and pupae are killed by various parasitoids. The sex pheromones of Orgyia detrita and Orgyia leucostigma have been characterized (Grant et al. Figure 13. Puss caterpillars are 2.5 cm long and covered with gray to brown hairs that conceal its head and mouthparts. The parts of these caterpillars you want to be weary of are the yellow or green fleshy protrusions that are tipped in black and extend from the back of the caterpillar. One of the scariest-looking caterpillars in Florida is the hickory horned devil caterpillar. Caterpillars are the larvae of moths and butterflies. . It is also called the hairy caterpillar. She has been scouring the Internet for the buzziest Southern news since joining the team in 2017. 8 Black And Orange Caterpillars That Are Poisonous. It is uncommon in the northern parts of its range. 1960. Symptoms of a puss caterpillar sting include intense pain, swelling, a red, itchy rash, restlessness and anxiety, vomiting . Photograph by Lyle J. Buss, University of Florida. . The zebra longwing gets its poison from the pollen it . You can find the furry puss caterpillars in most southern states, including Florida. cocoons under eaves of building. Next apply ice packs to reduce the stinging sensation and slather on a paste of baking soda and water. Polyphemus moth caterpillars have a bright green, plump body with bright red dots in bumps around each segment. The easiest way to identify bagworms on trees in Florida is by the protective cocoon bags they live in. 134 pp. The puss or asp caterpillar of the southern flannel moth is recognized as one of the most venomous species found in the U.S. and its sting . The University of Florida says that some caterpillar species have stinging hairs called urticating hairs. Hairs in the cocoons retain their urticating capability for up to a year or longer. Diagram of urticating seta and associated venom gland of whitemarked tussock moth (Orgyia leucostigma). The Io moth caterpillar is a green stinging caterpillar that you can find in Florida. 2010. Other traits of the pipevine swallowtail caterpillar are two rows of bright orange dots along its back. Cape Lappet Moth Caterpillar. Saddleback caterpillars are brown on the front and back ends and the middle of the caterpillar is green with a brown oval (the border is usually bordered with white). Zebra Longwing Caterpillar (Heliconius charithonia). Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. These caterpillars have stinging hairs in a row along each side as well as some on their front and back ends. Associated Publishers. Most common in Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states (Ferguson 1978, Orgyia definita entry at North American Moth Photographers Group web site). it has a 2.8 to 3.9-inch wingspan and is the state butterfly of Florida. You can identify luna moth caterpillars feeding on walnut, hickory, birch, and alder trees. Once in your skin these hairs cause sudden or gradually building pain depending on the specific caterpillar. This caterpillar is one of the largest moth larvae, and it turns into one of the biggest moths in the USthe regal moth. The tiger swallowtail is an unusual caterpillar due to its dark green body, smooth surface, and distinctive eyespots on its head. Health officials said the Orgyia leucostigma is also known as the white-marked tussock moth. Ballooning is also important given their propensity for spinning cocoons off their host plants (i.e., on buildings, fences, and other man-made objects). The southern flannel caterpillar (or puss caterpillar) is a type of hairy caterpillar that causes a nasty sting if you handle it. Observations on the poisonous nature of the white-marked tussock-moth (. Stinging Rose Caterpillar (Parasa indetermina). Also, they are commonly spun in dense masses among the foliage of epiphytic bromeliads (Tillandsia spp.). Puss caterpillars are 2.5 cm long and covered with gray to brown hairs that conceal its head and mouthparts. The caterpillar grows up to 2 (5 cm) long. Lyle Buss, senior biological scientist at the University of Florida, explained to Tampa Bay Times that most stings are harmless, only producing a rash. Redhumped Caterpillar (Schizura concinna). Definite tussock moth (Orgyia definita) caterpillar (abdomen). It can be challenging to identify some Florida caterpillar species. Photograph by Donald W. Hall, University of Florida. Pupae appear hairy and have patches of dorsal spatulate setae (vesicles of Mosher 1916) on abdominal segments 1-3. Cabbage looper caterpillars have a voracious appetite and can devour three times their body weight in a day. Detrita and U.S. populations of leucostigma have bright red heads while definita are unique because of their tan or yellow heads. The characteristic trait of this furry caterpillar is a wide rusty brown band around a black body. To identify poisonous Florida caterpillars, look for a fuzzy body with stinging spines. The American dagger moth caterpillar is covered in yellow feathery spines with two pairs of long black spines on its back and a single black tuft of pencil-like hairs at its rear. Her expertise extends from weddings and animals to every pop culture moment in between. (1960) studied the histopathology of a sensitive person and reported perivascular concentrations of eosinophils and leucocytes beneath the irritated areas. In Florida, feeding damage to large trees by Orgyia species does not usually harm the trees. After mating, the females lay a mass of eggs directly on the cocoon and cover them with a protective covering. Spines easily break of an can embed deeply into skin. Despite its fearsome look, this green caterpillar is entirely harmless. Orgyia sp. The southern flannel caterpillar also has the common name puss caterpillar because it looks like a Persian cat. The oblong appearance and fuzzy spines make it difficult to identify the head end from its tail end. Floridians recall being stung by puss caterpillars In 2018, a Florida teen described the sting as feeling like his wrist was "on fire." "It's burning," 15-year-old Logan Pergola told his mom, as a . Polka-Dot Wasp Moth Caterpillar. 1922. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 62(1): 13-28. Photograph by Donald W. Hall, University of Florida. A Host-Parasite Catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera), Caterpillar-associated rashes in children. Figure 10. Pathogens: Orgyia caterpillars are infected by nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (Baculovirus) (Cunningham 1972) and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses (Cypovirus) (Hayashi and Bird 1968). There are also stinging hairs on its four sets of prolegs. Other features of the redhumped moth caterpillar are its cherry-red round head, soft horn-like growths, and light, feathery spines. 2007). Urticating hairs can be especially irritating when they get into your eye. Bagworms are unusual types of shiny black or dark brown caterpillars that are difficult to spot. Description [ edit] M. opercularis caterpillar on Kent Island, Maryland Pipevine Swallowtail Caterpillar (Battus philenor). These large stinging caterpillars grow up to 2.5 (6.5 cm) long. It is distinctive because of its prominent hind wing eyespots. Beneficial Insects and Mites. Youll also notice feathery spines on this striped Florida caterpillar. Giant leopard caterpillars grow up to 2 (5 cm) long. Orgyia leucostigma: Entire eastern U.S. and west to Minnesota and Texas (Ferguson 1978, Orgyia leucostigma entry at North American Moth Photographers Group web site). 512 pp. Photograph by Lyle Buss, University of Florida. 2012, Atrubin & Granger 2006, Cruse et al. Gulf fritillary caterpillars mature at 0.5 (1.2 cm) in length. Spiny oak-slug caterpillars feed on a variety of woody plants including oak, willow, and cherry species. Some types of caterpillars are easy to identify because of where they feed. Medical attention may be necessary for more severe reactions. It'll also put you in a world of pain. The caterpillar has four sets of black prolegs and three sets of pointed forelegs. Identify a white-marked tussock caterpillar by a black body with black and white hairy spines, yellow bands along its back, and a bright cluster of red hairs at its head. The larva of the common pine sawfly is a light green caterpillarwith a line of black dots along each side and a single black line along its back. The long-tailed skipper caterpillar is a large green slug-like caterpillar with rings of yellow dots around its segments and lateral greenish-yellow green lines running the length of its back. Looking up close, you see that soft yellowish spines cover the prolegs and caterpillar abdomen. Figure 19. Dictionary of Word Roots and Combining Forms. Moths are dangerous to pets and human beings since they contaminate human food and pet food. They have dense yellow setae (short hairs covering the body) that are mildly poisonous. The antennae of male pupae are longer and broader than those of females and the wings of male pupae are longer than those of female pupae. However, there are techniques a homeowner can use to decrease the pressure by the Household Casebearer. Others, like that of the Black Widow, cause vomiting and diarrhea, paralysis, drunken gait, and muscle tremors. Orgyia leucostigma: Polyphagous. Classey, Ltd. London. The striped caterpillars grow up to 2 (5 cm) long. "A puss caterpillar sting feels like a bee sting, only worse. In the year 2000, only 70 of 730 (9.6%) cocoons he examined had egg masses suggesting a high rate of mortality.

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