mississippi river bird migration

The letters pages of . Piping plover recovery partners are celebrating many successes as the summer comes to a close. Bald Eagles nest, migrate, and winter within this IBA. American White Pelican 14. This is a very popular summer recreation area, so the best seasons are fall through spring. Black-billed Cuckoo Bird enthusiasts of all ages will love Minnesotas National Eagle Center. This area contains the largest northerly (outside Alaska) concentration of wintering Bald Eagles in the United States.Two to three hundred eagles use this IBA on a daily basis from November to March. Song birds, raptors, ducks and wading birds all travel this route this season. Turkey vultures ride the air currents around the bluffs along the river. Program Washington, DC Migratory Bird Harvest Surveys The Great River Road National Scenic Byway follows the path of the Mississippi Flyway, a migratory route used by 35 percent of North American birds. Peak birding here happens in April and early May, especially after a storm with northerly winds, when vireos, thrushes, warblers, tanagers, and orioles can decorate the trees. Restoring vital coastal wetlands for colonial and beach-nesting birds, Audubons policy team and grassroots activists are instrumental in gaining national support for ongoing recovery work in the delta. introduced purple loosestrife is responsible for the degradation of many prime wetland habitats; biological Roughly 325 species of birds and about 40 percent of waterfowl use this "super highway" during migration. Gull, Herring Photo: Marc Muench/Tandemstock.com. The best place to see rafts of diving ducks is usually the Reno Bottoms Canoe Trail Access, off of Highway 26 about 6.5 miles south of Brownsville, Minnesota. The Service . Other mammals include gray and fox squirrels, cottontails, jackrabbits and white-tailed deer which are abundant in the timbered areas. While the number of wintering eagles in Minnesota is not as high as portions of the river further south, the locks and dam system and wooded cliffs do provided excellent winter Bald Eagle habitat. Visit NPSpecies for more comprehensive information and advanced search capability. The Mississippi kite was first named and described by the Scottish ornithologist Alexander Wilson in 1811, in the third volume of his American Ornithology. Menu about us livecams films snapshots event calendar Data is often collected across state boundaries, or by pool. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Spread the word. Tours to see cranes are offered in fall and winter. It is an important site for migrating waterfowl, particularly Canvasbacks and Tundra Swans as well as nesting waterbirds, and breeding and wintering Bald Eagles. This becomes even more important during migration as birds are often moving through unfamiliar terrain with unknown risks. Earlier this week, Reuters writer Karl Plume reported that, "Commercial barge traffic on southern stretches of the Mississippi River was at a standstill on Tuesday as low water levels halted shipments of grain, fertilizer and other commodities on the critical waterway, shipping sources said. The best time for seeing them flock in full force would be between mid-March and mid-October. The Migratory Bird Program works with partners to protect, restore and conserve bird populations and their habitats for the benefit of future generations by: ensuring long-term ecological sustainability of all migratory bird populations, increasing socioeconomic benefits derived from birds,. In addition, its home to a very large nesting colony of wading birds such as Great Egret, Snowy Egret, and Little Blue Heron. Picking Up the Pen Again: JP Brammer Reignited His Passion Sketching Birds, The Bird Flu Blazes On, Amping Up Concerns for Wildlife and Human Health, National Audubon Society to Celebrate The Birdsong Project at Benefit Event, The Flight of the Spoonbills Holds Lessons for a Changing Evergladesand World, At Last, a Real Possibility to Avoid Catastrophic Climate Change, How Tribes Are Reclaiming and Protecting Their Ancestral Lands From Coast to Coast, Help power unparalleled conservation work for birds across the Americas, Stay informed on important news about birds and their habitats, Receive reduced or free admission across our network of centers and sanctuaries, Access a free guide of more than 800 species of North American birds, Discover the impacts of climate change on birds and their habitats, Learn more about the birds you love through audio clips, stunning photography, and in-depth text. Over 290 species of birds migrate through the refuge across its 240,000 acre stretch, utilizing the bottomland forest, marshland, river, and prairie ecosystems on their journeys. MN ?V 1d The Mississippi River is one of the most important Bald Eagle wintering areas in North America. Migratory flyways. There are four significant migratory bird flyways in North America: the Pacific Flyway, the Central Flyway, the Mississippi Flyway, and the Atlantic Flyway. Click here for more information on birds of the upper Mississippi River. Checking all these sites, birders can find many species of ducks in migration, Brown Pelican, wading birds, Clapper Rail, American Oystercatcher, gulls, terns, Barred Owl, Red-headed Woodpecker, Brown-headed Nuthatch, and Seaside Sparrow, to name just a few possibilities. Stopping by a boat landing and scanning the tree tops, or taking a walk on a trail through the floodplain forest can be great places to view spring warblers. If the parking lot is full, please do not park along the highway - try visiting the Highway 26 Overlook about a mile south of the Brownsville Overlook, or take a walk along the dike at the Reno Bottoms Canoe Trail Access about 3.5 miles south of the Brownsville Overlook, then return to see if there's space at the overlook. the Mississippi Flyway stretches from Canada through the Great Lakes and follows the Mississippi River. Wading birds such as Great Egret, Snowy Egret, and White Ibis roost around the refuge lakes, and post-breeding Wood Stork arrives in late summer, when Roseate Spoonbill sometimes shows up. Photo: Howard Arndt/Audubon Photography Awards, Great Egret. We protect birds and the places they need. They even offer eagle viewing field trips that will take you to hotspots along and near the river. The Frontenac area is known throughout the birding community as one of the main and most famous areas in the state to view the May migration of warblers and other neotropical migrants. The list of birds using any flyway is vast. Coots, a quirky-looking diving marsh bird with black feathers and a bright white bill, can often be seen mixed in with the ducks. The Cox Ponds area is managed for shorebirds in late summer and can attract 15 or more species. It the biggest flyway for migratory birds and is used by 325 different species. High traffic of recreational fishing occurs in these streams. MN ?V 1a The Mississippi River is a significant bird migration route and among the more spectacular seasonal flights are those of the waterfowl. Picking Up the Pen Again: JP Brammer Reignited His Passion Sketching Birds, The Bird Flu Blazes On, Amping Up Concerns for Wildlife and Human Health, National Audubon Society to Celebrate The Birdsong Project at Benefit Event, The Flight of the Spoonbills Holds Lessons for a Changing Evergladesand World, At Last, a Real Possibility to Avoid Catastrophic Climate Change, How Tribes Are Reclaiming and Protecting Their Ancestral Lands From Coast to Coast, Help power unparalleled conservation work for birds across the Americas, Stay informed on important news about birds and their habitats, Receive reduced or free admission across our network of centers and sanctuaries, Access a free guide of more than 800 species of North American birds, Discover the impacts of climate change on birds and their habitats, Learn more about the birds you love through audio clips, stunning photography, and in-depth text. It lies within Pool 4 of the Mississippi River and includes all of Lake Pepin, Perched Valley WMA near Wacouta, Frontenac State Park, Bald Eagle SNA and Hok Si La Park. Upland erosion, channel operation and maintenance, and tow Birds and the Mississippi River Each day, birds must find food, water, shelter, and places offering refuge from predators. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. The refuge hosts more than 3.7 million annual visits for hunting, fishing, wildlife observations, and . Membership benefits include one year of Audubon magazineand the latest on birds and their habitats. Great Kiskadee 6. A marooned steamboat crumbles on the banks of the Mississippi River near Martin Luther King Park in Memphis, Tennessee Oct. 7, 2022. Length: 10.2-11.8in Weight: 1.9-2.3oz Wingspan: 15.-16.9in Colors: Soft, buttery brown on their backs and a creamy white on the their chest and bellies. Agriculture, both row crops and pastures, takes place in former savanna and prairie areas and is the most prominent land use in this subsection. Small birds migrating at night fly between 800-1600 feet. Spread the word. The Central Flyway represents a broad area east of the Rockies, stretching from Canada through Central America. Anhinga 13. Legal Notices Privacy Policy Contact Us. Up to 50% of the world? Another great stop in the Wildlife Refuge is Pikes Peak State Park in McGregor, Iowa. #4 The Mississippi Flyway is a major migration path for birds that follows along the Mississippi River. They arrive at the Mississippi Middle Valley around March and stay 3-5 weeks before setting off. Wildlife refuges, state forests, federal forests and parks protect the crucial habitat and food sources for these birds. ?s Sparrows. Audubon applauds funding for water infrastructure, climate resiliency, environmental justice. One of the great birding experiences of the Gulf Coast is a spring fallout, when northbound birds swarm a patch of woods after crossing the Gulf of Mexico. Begin the route off Highway 43 on the north shore of Ross Barnett Reservoir. Stop the Destruction of Globally Important Wetland. Audubon knows that only a comprehensive restoration program, and a long-term financial commitment to restoring the Gulf, will keep the flyway hospitable to birds. Mississippi River Bird Cam | Explore.org livecams Films Looks like we're having trouble loading the page It seems there was an issue trying to load the page. Latin: Bald Eagles also use this area as a migration route with a state daily high count of 1,213 recorded in spring of 2006. In Kentucky, birdwatchers should not miss the Clarks River National Wildlife Refuge, with its bottomland forests of cypress, oaks and tupelo gums. After stopping at the visitor center to see exhibits and learn about ranger-led programs, walk the two-mile trail, which passes through coastal forest and reaches two bayous. The U.S. More than 2 billion birds pass through this region each year (Horton et al. Mississippi River Flyway Cam - LIVE The Raptor Resource Project has established a new bird cam on an island in the heart Show more Chat is disabled for this live stream. Dove, Mourning MN-1d (Bald Eagles) ?V The area from Red Wing to the mouth of the Chippewa River regularly supports a wintering population of between 250 to 300 immature and adult Bald Eagles using three roosts (4). American White Pelican and Bald Eagle are seen on and around the reservoir, and a wide variety of ducks can be present from fall through spring. Stop the Destruction of Globally Important Wetland. Magnificent Frigatebird can be seen in late summer. A site on Ansley Road, about seven miles south of Highway 90 in Hancock County, is a noted hot spot for spring and fall migrant songbirds. The Mississippi Flyway is the migration route followed by 40% of all waterfowl and shorebirds in North America. Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife Refuge, Photo by Upper Mississippi National Wildlife Refuge. Type in your search and hit Enter on desktop or hit Go on mobile device, From the headwaters of the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Among those species, there are plenty of feeder birds, including: With all these birds moving through the North American flyways, its very important to offer them easy to access food and water. Many birds migrate seasonally, and hummingbirds are no exception. Stay up to date on the latest Great River Road events, contests and deals. Habitat types include bottomland hardwood forest, river, open pools, cliff, and backwater habitats. Our email newsletter shares the latest programs and initiatives. Sediment deposition and both It's a crazy way to watch and id birds-from above. Pledge to stand with Audubon to call on elected officials to listen to science and work towards climate solutions. The Mississippi River is truly massive, combining three major tributaries that together drain 32 US states and two Canadian provinces, from Alberta to New York to New Mexico. Haliaeetus leucocephalus. The fall season is a phenomenal time to see ducks, American white pelicans, geese, swans, American coot and other waterbirds. It has interface with 4 states, 70 communities, 2 Corps of Engineers districts, 11 locks and dams which help maintain water depths for commercial navigation, and is represented in Congress by 8 senators and 6 representatives. You can try refreshing the page, or you can enjoy our livestreams and highlights on our YouTube Channel Thanks for supporting explore.org! BIRD MIGRATION: MISSISSIPPI FLYWAY Heron, Great Blue 3:05:51 Wildlife. Adjacent: Species is known to occur in areas near to or contiguous with park boundaries. Ansley Preserve A site on Ansley Road, about seven miles south of Highway 90 in Hancock County, is a noted hot spot for spring and fall migrant songbirds. Vulture, Turkey Check out some of our favorite stops to watch the spring migration in Wisconsin and Minnesota. Migration also brings the shorebirds to the Mississippi coast. Its the least you can do. The highest concentration of migrating Common Mergansers in the workd occurs on Lake Pepin during the month of November. "The largest US barge operator warned customers it won't be able to make good on deliveries. Or take action immediately with one of our current campaigns below: The Audubon Bird Guide is a free and complete field guide to more than 800 species of North American birds, right in your pocket. Download the official NPS app before your next visit. Michael Janke/Flickr Bald Eagle. The other North American flyways include the Central, the Pacific and the Atlantic. Stay up to date on the latest Great River Road events, contests and deals. Rich hardwood forests grow along the river valleys, and river-bottom forests grow along major streams and backwaters. The Fontainebleau Nature Trail along Davis Bayou has nesting Broad-winged Hawk, Red-headed Woodpecker, Brown-headed Nuthatch, Pine Warbler, and Eastern Towhee. The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. Frontenac State Park contains the second highest species count among Minnesota? JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. The lakes are home to thousands of waterfowl from fall through spring. The Mississippi Flyway is a bird migration route that generally follows the Mississippi, Missouri, and Lower Ohio Rivers in the United States across the western Great Lakes to the Mackenzie River and Hudson Bay in Canada. These are the routes by which every single migratory game bird species, including some that . Or take action immediately with one of our current campaigns below: The Audubon Bird Guide is a free and complete field guide to more than 800 species of North American birds, right in your pocket. The main endpoints of the flyway include central Canada and the region surrounding the Gulf of Mexico. April and May offer the best glimpses of songbirds that stopover or nest in the floodplain forest and marshes on their way back north from the tropics. Horned Grebe 5. ?s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy. 1. Crow, American Shady Maple Overlook near Stoddard, Wisconsin Thrasher, Brown Bordered by numerous towns including LaCrescent, Winona, and Wabasha as well as private and state lands, the refuge is subject to a multitude of influences and threats. Colville Park in Red Wing on the north end of the IBA, and Read? Located along the Mississippi Flyway, the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge is one of the best places around to see residential and migratory birds throughout the seasons! American white pelicans cluster in large pods on the water in late summer, getting ready for the migration ahead! These spots provide habitat for waterfowl, wading birds, and woodland species such as the Red-headed Woodpecker and Prothonotary Warbler. Kingfisher, Belted Barn Bluff is a hotspot for nature photography too, so bring your camera! With many hardwood forest trees losing their leaves in the fall, winter is great time to look for woodpeckers and other hardy residential birds in the forests and marshes. Even with the burgeoning spring weather, a bird feeder is a great help to a migrating bird thats been flying for hours. Daily high waterfowl counts in fall 2005 exceeded 600,000 birds in pools 4-9. Additional details about the status of each species is included in the full list. The St. Paul Audubon Society has kept records since 1972 of the species seen on its annual May (typically the the 2nd or 3rd weekend) fieldtrip to the area (? If you make the 340-foot climb up to the top of the bluff, youll see them soaring over the river and bluffs, along with turkey vultures and pelicans too. MN-1a (waterfowl) ?V During the months of November and December Lake Pepin is the site for a major concentration of migrating Common Mergansers with numbers varying each year from 20,000 to over 70,000. The National Audubon Society protects birds and the places they need, today and tomorrow, throughout the Americas using science, advocacy, education, and on-the-ground conservation. The dam area on Highway 315 has many areas from which the lake can be scanned for waterbirds. This paved parking lot provides multiple parking spots and hosts a portable accessible restroom from mid-October to mid-November. Historical: Species' historical occurrence in park is documented. March also gifts birdwatchers with an unusual sight - as the water begins to open again on the Mississippi River, look for congregations of bald eagles siting in trees or on ice shelves along the water as they search for fish! Photo: Howard Arndt/Audubon Photography Awards, Great Egret. Osprey and peregrine falcons also occasionally spotted along the river. Decorah Hatchery Eagles Second egg 02 28 2023. L 13-15" / WS 29-33". Clark Creek Natural Area (Woodville, MS) The area has 50 waterfalls, ranging from 10 ft to 30 ft in height! Please follow directions on each of the pages to view other cams. Bald eagles sit in the water, on fallen logs or in trees watching for easy meals. Type in your search and hit Enter on desktop or hit Go on mobile device. Also check the marshy area north of the road for wading birds. The region is also home to black bears. Legal Notices Privacy Policy Contact Us. Hwy 61 is the boundary through Lake City then County Roads 4 and 10 to Reads Landing. Let us send you the latest in bird and conservation news. A 1.8-mile nature trail leads through woodland recovering from Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and accesses a lookout platform at a bayou. 866-763-8310 | info@experiencemississippiriver.com. The Mississippi River drains an area of about 3.2 million square kilometers (1.2 million square miles), including all or parts of 31 states and two Canadian provinces, about 40% of . Mounted spotting scopes are available for visitors to enjoy. Warblers are seen in abundance along the river because of its rich source of insects during the spring and fall migration. With Spring slowly creeping northward, birds are also beginning their migrations to their summer ranges. Legal Notices Privacy Policy Contact Us. Or, go birding in Tennessees Chickasaw National Wildlife Refuge. Membership benefits include one year of Audubon magazineand the latest on birds and their habitats. Listen for great horned owls and barred owls calling in December through March. White-throated Sparrow 12. Finch, House White . Mallard With an estimated 3.7 million annual visitors, it is the most heavily visited Refuge in the System. Blackbird, Red-winged The Mississippi River Delta Restoration Campaign is organizing a fall migration . Falcon, Peregrine Sparrow, House Be aware that this is a hunting area in parts of fall and winter. Stewards of the Upper Mississippi River Refuge installed five wildlife viewing cameras on the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge. Have a suggestion or comment on this list? Starling This area is one of the most notable and significant birding areas in the State of Minnesota. Numerous cold-water trout streams feed major rivers such as the Root, Whitewater, Zumbro, and Cannon. Autumn offers some of Minnesota's best bird watching, with mild temperatures, congregating flocks and vibrant forests enhancing bird hikes and road trips. Other species of concern include the Bald Eagle, Cerulean Warbler and Louisiana Waterthrush. Click below to see maps for some of the different segments on the route. Then continue to the boat launch area. Eagle, Bald Over 300 pairs of bald eagles nest on the refuge year round, but the late winter also brings migratory bald eagles who are slowly making their way farther north back to their nesting grounds. Whip-poor-will Let us send you the latest in bird and conservation news. The National Audubon Society protects birds and the places they need, today and tomorrow, throughout the Americas using science, advocacy, education, and on-the-ground conservation. The full list also contains species that are "in review" because their status in the park hasn't been fully determined. Frontenac State Park, with a total list of 263 species, is one of the most popular birding areas in Minnesota. Bald Eagle. Swallow, Barn August is also the peak period for migrant shorebirds; look for them resting and feeding in impoundments managed for their needs. Bobolink 2. Lower than normal river levels have made the shipwreck accessible by land. Legal Notices Privacy Policy Contact Us. Rare gulls have been seen at the lakes outflow among the common Bonapartes, Ring-billed, and Herring gulls. The mourning dove is a medium-sized, graceful bird with a pinkish-gray underside and light gray-brown upper parts. Mile 10, Natchez Trace National Parkway, Mississippi. This Important Bird Area meets the minimum requirements to qualify under criteria 1a, 1c, 1d, 1e, 2a, 2b and 3. Retaining or restoring the health of stream systems is an important conservation objective in this subsection. The current genus of Ictinia originated with Louis Jean . Picking Up the Pen Again: JP Brammer Reignited His Passion Sketching Birds, The Bird Flu Blazes On, Amping Up Concerns for Wildlife and Human Health, National Audubon Society to Celebrate The Birdsong Project at Benefit Event, The Flight of the Spoonbills Holds Lessons for a Changing Evergladesand World, At Last, a Real Possibility to Avoid Catastrophic Climate Change, How Tribes Are Reclaiming and Protecting Their Ancestral Lands From Coast to Coast, Great Lakes Piping Plovers Have a Record-breaking Breeding Season, Bipartisan Water Resources Bill Modernized to Meet 21st Century Issues, The Clean Water Act at 50 and What it Means for Birds, Help power unparalleled conservation work for birds across the Americas, Stay informed on important news about birds and their habitats, Receive reduced or free admission across our network of centers and sanctuaries, Access a free guide of more than 800 species of North American birds, Discover the impacts of climate change on birds and their habitats, Learn more about the birds you love through audio clips, stunning photography, and in-depth text. A parasite carried by an exotic snail is blamed for the . Grassy fields and marshes add variety to the birding. See wood storks, ibises, yellow rails and other rare birds in Louisiana. Bluffs diminish in size and spectacular appearance from Bellevue southward. Located on the Mississippi-Alabama border, Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve protects a valuable tract of pine savannah, salt marsh, and bottomland forest. Read on for everything you need to know about the hummingbird migration in Mississippi. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. systems is an important conservation objective in this subsection. Taxonomy. Bald Eagle. Our job is to fly above the Mississippi River at a about 120 feet going about 100 mph and count and ID ducks. Forestry is Working with others to conserve, protect and enhance fish, wildlife, plants and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. Mississippi Kite. These dynamic maps highlight exactly where and when waterfowl turn up to help conservationists better protect those species. Warbler, Yellow. The Mississippi Coastal Birding Trail helps guide visitors to destinations in six southern counties. Cardinal, Northern Killdeer, lesser yellowlegs, upland sandpiper and other shorebirds can be seen along river shorelines. On pools 4-8 the number of nesting Great Blue Herons ranged from 786 ?V 1,306 pairs between 1999 - 2002. Audubon protects birds and the places they need, today and tomorrow. The mighty river serves as a natural highway for more than 325 migrating bird species, according to the . We opted to be more inclusive in which states reside in which flyway. Stop at the Grand Bay Coastal Resources Center, just a few minutes south of Interstate 10, for maps and advice. Order a FREE Great River Road 10-state map, St. The National Audubon Society protects birds and the places they need, today and tomorrow, throughout the Americas using science, advocacy, education, and on-the-ground conservation. Red-shouldered Hawks nest in the refuge and up to 24 pairs have been recorded in one year. The remainder of the cams will going through the Stewards server. The US Geologic Survey has published a number of 2,300 miles, the EPA says it is 2,320 miles long, and the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area suggests the river's length is 2,350 miles. At this point, we've seen a lot of eagles lay eggs, but HM had the quickest egg-labor I've ever seen! On cross-country flights, migratory birds gravitate toward efficient paths with plenty of rest stops. ?s Canvasbacks stage on the refuge every fall. Woodpecker, Downy Visit your local Audubon center, join a chapter, or help save birds with your state program. 55101. Search using the keyword "Birds" selected from the drop-down menu. Bell? The Refuge was established in 1924 to protect bottomland habitat for migratory birds and fish. ?Villa Maria Warbler Weekend??). The list of feeder birds above is huge and youre sure to be able to help a lot of them with feeders from Perky-Pet. 2017 we have partnered with JCWifi to stream live footage of the eagle nest. There are also many parks and museums of interest to bird lovers on the route. "It travels in what we call a wedge." To stop the encroaching wedge, the corps built a $5.8 million sill on the bottom of the river. Around 200 species have been recorded along this unpaved but well-maintained road. Compared to the uncanny ability of migratory birds, the human navigational system the one we're born with isn't always up to the task. For the average backyard bird-lover, that can mean a surge of new visitors to feeders. Whether you're searching for songbirds, water birds, shorebirds or raptors, here are some recommendations for when and where to look for them! Not In Park: Species is not known to occur in park. It should be noted that some maps include slightly different or a smaller range of states for each flyway. Youll find plenty of songbirds here eastern bluebirds, warblers, catbirds, pileated woodpeckers, hummingbirds, but eagles and pelicans too. amounts of public lands along the river corridor. Type in your search and hit Enter on desktop or hit Go on mobile device. Hok-si-la Park is also noted as an important migratory stopover for songbirds in both spring and fall. I dream of spending several weeks combing every shoreline, wetland, prairie, and upland forest of the 240,000-acre Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish . Bald Eagle 4. Tags: Arkansas, birding, fall, Louisiana, Minnesota, Wisconsin, MRPC Office: PO BOX 7395 | Madison, WI 53707-7395 Spread the word. Grackle, Common Bald Eagle is regularly seen and nests, as does Osprey. We protect birds and the places they need. Ten miles northwest of Oxford lies Sardis Lake, a very popular recreation reservoir. The Mississippi River is one of the great bird flyways in the world. Large groups of both diving ducks and puddle ducks swim close to the dike and even larger rafts of diving ducks can be seen with a spotting scope as you look north towards the main channel of the Mississippi River.

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mississippi river bird migration