An early transistorized computer, the NEAC (Nippon Electric Automatic Computer) includes a CPU, console, paper tape reader and punch, printer and magnetic tape units. Designed by engineer Gardner Hendrie for Computer Control Corporation (CCC), the DDP-116 is announced at the 1965 Spring Joint Computer Conference. The 1401 mainframe, the first in the series, replaces earlier vacuum tube technology with smaller, more reliable transistors. Chapter 1 Microcomputer Applications Exam Flashcards | Quizlet Microcomputer - Wikipedia Because of its electronic, as opposed to electromechanical, technology, it is over 1,000 times faster than any previous computer. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. SWAC was used to solve problems in numerical analysis, including developing climate models and discovering five previously unknown Mersenne prime numbers. The TRS-80 was priced at $599.95, included a Z80 microprocessor, video display, 4 KB of memory, a built-in BASIC programming language interpreter, cassette storage, and easy-to-understand manuals that assumed no prior knowledge on the part of the user. Computer Science. The ABC was at the center of a patent dispute related to the invention of the computer, which was resolved in 1973 when it was shown that ENIAC co-designer John Mauchly had seen the ABC shortly after it became functional. Enterprise resource planning systems cannot be used for managing daily operations. Marketed as a fast, extremely accurate electronic slide rule with a solid-state memory similar to that of a computer, the HP-35 distinguished itself from its competitors by its ability to perform a broad variety of logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to store more intermediate solutions for later use, and to accept and display entries in a form similar to standard scientific notation. Hungarian-born von Neumann demonstrated prodigious expertise in hydrodynamics, ballistics, meteorology, game theory, statistics, and the use of mechanical devices for computation. All three PowerBooks introduced featured a built-in trackball, internal floppy drive, and palm rests, which would eventually become typical of 1990s laptop design. In 1983 Zojirushi introduced a rice cooker that was among the first consumer-oriented products to rely on fuzzy logic. The First Microcomputer: The Q1 | Hackaday The Control Data Corporation (CDC) 6600 performs up to 3 million instructions per second three times faster than that of its closest competitor, the IBM 7030 supercomputer. His daughter named the new machine after the star Altair. It used 53 vacuum tubes and hundreds of germanium diodes, with a magnetic drum for memory. Some of its other innovations were the inclusion of a magneto-optical (MO) disk drive, a digital signal processor and the NeXTSTEP programming environment (later released as OPENSTEP). One major advance in programming was Wilkes' use of a library of short programs, called subroutines, stored on punched paper tapes and used for performing common repetitive calculations within a lager program. The replica is currently on display at the Computer History Museum. Wi-Fi Microsoft founded - HISTORY service packs. . server. It would serve as the model for several other significant multi-processor systems that would be among the fastest in the world. A cassette tape interface provided supplementary storage for text. Plans for the Mark-8 cost $5 and the blank circuit boards were available for $50. Weighing 24 pounds and costing $1,795, the Osborne 1 is the first mass-produced portable computer. Foremost among its developments was Forresters perfection of magnetic core memory, which became the dominant form of high-speed random access memory for computers until the mid-1970s. Columbia Supercomputer system made up of SGI Altix. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1 Flashcards Developed for Busicom, a Japanese calculator maker, the 4004 had 2250 transistors and could perform up to 90,000 operations per second in four-bit chunks. (C) The Regent Corporation's microcomputer can be used in conjunction with higher-priced microcomputers manufactured by other companies. selecting effective instructional software. Chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet The micro has to have a real . The system was IBM's response to losing control of the PC market with the rise of widespread copying of the original IBM PC design by clone makers. The first of David Hilbert's 23 unsolved problems presented at the Paris conference of the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1900 involved the Continuum Hypothesis. 2. Palm could be connected to a PC or Mac using a serial port to synchronize sync both computer and Palm. After successfully demonstrating a proof-of-concept prototype in 1939, Professor John Vincent Atanasoff receives funds to build a full-scale machine at Iowa State College (now University). An electronic machine operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can: 1. Remington Rand eventually sold 46 Univac 1s at more than $1 million each. Modeled after the Cambridge University EDSAC computer, the president of Lyons Tea Co. has the LEO built to solve the problem of production scheduling and delivery of cakes to the hundreds of Lyons tea shops around England. It was thus an important milestone in computing as soon Microsoft Windows and the Apple Macintosh would soon adopt the GUI as their user interface, making it the new paradigm for personal computing. H. Edward Roberts, the Florida-born former U.S. Air Force officer who headed MITS, decided to design a small, affordable computer around the Intel 8080. The handwriting recognition software was much maligned for inaccuracy. The Standards Eastern Automatic Computer (SEAC) is among the first stored program computers completed in the United States. At a cost to computer makers of roughly $700, the ASR-33 Teletype is originally designed as a low cost terminal for the Western Union communications network. The Amiga sold for $1,295 (without monitor) and had audio and video capabilities beyond those found in most other personal computers. Physicist Stan Frankel, intrigued by small, general-purpose computers, developed the MINAC at Caltech. Which software tool would be helpful for preparing a newsletter? The Baby was built to test a new memory technology developed by Williams and Kilburn -- soon known as the Williams Tube which was the first high-speed electronic random access memory for computers. Instead of simply copying the basic input output system (BIOS) of the Apple II as Franklin Computer had done, they reversed engineered the system and sold it for US $479, a much lower price than the comparable Apple II. Hewlett and Packard in their garage workshop. The Nest allowed for remote access to a users homes thermostat by using a smartphone or tablet and could also send monthly power consumption reports to help save on energy bills. The Motorola 68000 microprocessor exhibited a processing speed far greater than its contemporaries. It developed a very loyal following while add-on components allowed it to be upgraded easily. A large amount of software was created for the BBC Micro, including educational, productivity, and game programs. One of Britain's leading computer companies, Acorn continued the Archimedes line, which grew to nearly twenty different models, into the 1990s. The Altair 8800, produced by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) and invented by Ed Roberts, was originally sold as a kit. Based on Charles Babbage's second design for a mechanical calculating engine, a team at the Science Museum in London sets out to prove that the design would have worked as planned. Microcomputers for Twenty-First Century Educators (Paperback, 4th ed) / Author: Lockard / Author: Abrams / Author: "Many ; 9780673524560 ; Educational resources & technology, Education, Social sciences, Books CS 130.132 - Microcomputer Software Microprocessors from 1971 to the Present - InformIT Applications were also highly innovative: a WYSISYG word processor known as Bravo, a paint program, a graphics editor, and email for example. What type of web-based creation is produced when a teacher has art students sketchnoting about a visiting artist's lecture? The machine was designed and built by Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry between 1939 and 1942. In all, about 200 of the boards were sold before Apple announced the follow-on Apple II a year later as a ready-to-use computer for consumers, a model which sold in the millions for nearly two decades. All these previous chips set the stage for the first PC processors. Which kind of software tool would a teacher choose in order to develop a test item bank? What is a key technological infrastructure resource for online teaching? Software The camera had a maximum resolution of 0.11 megapixels a 256-color display, and photos could be shared wirelessly. Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. Announced the year previously at the New York World's Fair the Programma 101 goes on sale. 1951. The Relay Interpolator used 440 relays, and since it was programmable by paper tape, was used for other applications following the war. The IAS computer was designed for scientific calculations and it performed essential work for the US atomic weapons program. [21] The first stored-program computers [ edit] Several computers could be considered the first stored-program computer, depending on the criteria. Apple's Macintosh Portable meets with little success in the marketplace and leads to a complete redesign of Apple's line of portable computers. Under the direction of engineer Dr. Paul Friedl, the Special Computer APL Machine Portable (SCAMP) personal computer prototype is developed at IBM's Los Gatos and Palo Alto, California laboratories. By the mid-1960s, nearly half of all computers in the world were IBM 1401s. the _____ screen is the first screen displayed. It was a commercial computer based on a microprocessor, the Intel 8008. Each Cray-1 took a full year to assemble and test and cost about $10 million. With a peak speed of over a petaflop (one thousand trillion calculations per second), the Tianhe 1 (translation: Milky Way 1) is developed by the Chinese National University of Defense Technology using Intel Xeon processors combined with AMD graphic processing units (GPUs). Named in honor of the space shuttle which broke-up on re-entry, the Columbia supercomputer is an important part of NASA's return to manned spaceflight after the 2003 disaster. He is the creator of the first consumer flight simulator software. IBM establishes the 650 as its first mass-produced computer, with the company selling 450 in just one year. Within a year, he had built the worlds first laser printer, launching a new era in computer printing, generating billions of dollars in revenue for Xerox. Performing far better than the company projections of 3,000 units for the first year, in the first month after its release Tandy Radio Shacks first desktop computer the TRS-80 sells 10,000 units. The first release proved so popular there was a long delay in delivering systems on release. The HP-35 helped HP become one of the most dominant companies in the handheld calculator market for more than two decades. The NeXT had three Motorola microprocessors and 8 MB of RAM. Operators directed actions by touching a light gun to the SAGE airspace display. At MIT, researchers begin experimenting with direct keyboard input to computers, a precursor to todays normal mode of operation. Apollo and its main competitor, Sun Microsystems, optimized their machines to run the computer-intensive graphics programs common in engineering and scientific applications. The PROMs contained a disk operating system, allowing. The first Kindle featured wireless access to content via Amazon.com, along with an SD card slot allowing increased storage. An experiment conducted five months later on the MIT Whirlwind computer confirmed how useful and convenient a keyboard input device could be. It also included more memory and accommodated high-density 1.2-megabyte 5 1/4-inch floppy disks. The chip quickly became popular with designers of early personal computers like the Apple II and Commodore PET, as well as game consoles like the Nintendo Entertainment System. Updates called _____ contain fixes and enhancements to the operating system. MITS co-founder Ed Roberts invented the Altair 8800 which sold for $297, or $395 with a case and coined the term personal computer. It was designed by MIT Lincoln Laboratory engineer Wesley Clark. The title of first commercially available general-purpose computer probably goes to Britains Ferranti Mark I for its sale of its first Mark I computer to Manchester University. Introduced at the Altair Convention in Albuquerque in March 1976, the visual display module enabled the use of personal computers for interactive games. In 1984, Michael Dell creates PC's Limited while still a student of the University of Texas at Austin. Chapter 3: Computer Software Flashcards | Quizlet Once finally completed, it achieved a computational speed of 200 million instructions per second and 1 billion bits per second of I/O transfer via a unique combination of its parallel architecture and the overlapping or "pipelining" structure of its 64 processing elements. How to Get Started Collecting Microcomputers - MUO Microcomputer was formerly a commonly used term for personal computers, particularly any of a class of small digital computers whose CPU is contained on a single integrated semiconductor chip. Although manufactured by Remington Rand, the machine was often mistakenly referred to as the IBM Univac." The Z3 was used for aerodynamic calculations but was destroyed in a bombing raid on Berlin in late 1943. The Nova was first to employ medium-scale integration (MSI) circuits from Fairchild Semiconductor, with subsequent models using large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits. Virginia Tech used more than a thousand PowerMac G5s to create the System X cluster supercomputer, rated #3 in November of that year on the worlds TOP500 fastest computers. refers to symbols that represent fast objects and ideas. Atari's 8-bit computers were influential in the arts, especially in the emerging DemoScene culture of the 1980s and '90s. True The term DBMS is used in reference to spreadsheet software. The C64, as it is better known, sells for $595, comes with 64 KB of RAM and features impressive graphics. English language learners often score higher on assessments due to their increased focus in language acquisition. Its chiclet keyboard was also criticized for poor ergonomics. What is the general term for software whose source code is made available for free and permits users to use, change, and improve it? Once limited to surfing the Web, browsers are becoming the universal software platform on which end users launch into information searches, E-mail, multimedia file transfer, discussion groups, and many other Internet, intranet, and extranet applications. In some places, lower populations of ELL students may result in distorted data analysis. Cameras would become a significant part of most phones within a year, and several countries have even passed laws regulating their use. Its price was $2,500. Xerox wasnt interested. Replacing their Archimedes computer, the RISC PC from UK's Acorn Computers uses the ARMv3 RISC microprocessor. The knowledge and technologies developed for the Stretch project played a major role in the design, management, and manufacture of the later IBM System/360--the most successful computer family in IBM history. Initially designed for internal use by HP employees, co-founder Bill Hewlett issues a challenge to his engineers in 1971: fit all of the features of their desktop scientific calculator into a package small enough for his shirt pocket. The basic idea for bombes came from Polish code-breaker Marian Rejewski's 1938 "Bomba.". The Paragon at Caltech was named the fastest supercomputer in the world in 1992. The first VAIO, a desktop computer, featured an additional 3D interface on top of the Windows 95 operating system as a way of attracting new users. Students included future computing pioneers such as Maurice Wilkes, Claude Shannon, David Rees, and Jay Forrester. What type of integration strategy is a teacher using when his students videoconference to exchange ideas about water pollution prevention? Designed to replace the 32-bit VAX architecture, the Alpha is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessor. data. For research, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) supplied the components, and 50 original LINCs were made. At the time IBM released the System/360, the company had just made the transition from discrete transistors to integrated circuits, and its major source of revenue began to move from punched card equipment to electronic computer systems. Started in 1943, the ENIAC computing system was built by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania. A large parallel processing computer, the ILLIAC IV does not operate until 1972. The system cost more than $100 million to create and ran a variation of the Linux operating system with up to 10 petabytes of storage. Upgrade to Quizlet Plus to study with no ads, offline access and even more premium features, like image uploading and scanning to create sets. In 1979, Truong sold R2E to Bull. Compaq beats IBM to the market when it announces the Deskpro 386, the first computer on the market to use Intels new 80386 chip, a 32-bit microprocessor with 275,000 transistors on each chip. General Georges Doriot and his pioneering venture capital firm, American Research and Development, invested $70,000 for 70% of DECs stock to launch the company in 1957. Scientific and defense applications included studies of human electrophysiology, nuclear weapon simulation, human genome mapping, and global climate change. Led by curator Doron Swade the team built Babbages machine in six years, using techniques that would have been available to Babbage at the time, proving that Babbages design was accurate and that it could have been built in his day. 40,000 were sold, including 10 to NASA for use on the Apollo space project. Customers got a machine with a 233-MHz G3 processor, 4GB hard drive, 32MB of RAM, a CD-ROM drive, and a 15" monitor. Store the results for future use Hardware the electronical and mechanical equipment that makes up a computer. A driver education teacher might use this kind of software to let students "practice" driving before actually getting in a car. PDF DOCUMENT RESUME - ed Millions of Apple IIs were sold between 1977 and 1993, making it one of the longest-lived lines of personal computers. The micro should be an extremely low power device even if this raises the cost of the project. It was widely used in DEC's workstations and servers, as well as several supercomputers like the Chinese Sunway Blue Light system, and the Swiss Gigabooster. IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC). Colossus reduced the time to break Lorenz messages from weeks to hours. It used a MOS Technologies 6502 microprocessor running at 1 MHz. The Treo sold well, and the line continued until Handspring was purchased by Palm in 2003. Linux - Wikipedia Customers included US military as well as industry. Approximately 90 percent of PCs run some version of Windows. You are designing a controller for a toaster oven. The EDSAC project was led by Cambridge professor and director of the Cambridge Computation Laboratory, Maurice Wilkes. The British Broadcasting Corporations Computer Literacy Project hoped to introduce interested adults to the world of computers. Acorn produces a popular computer, the BBC Microcomputer System, so viewers at home could follow along on their own home computers as they watched the program.

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